Computer Algorithmic Xenobots: Ang Kauna-unahang Makinang Buhay

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 Living Robots, Innovation or Revolution?

A xenobot, derived from the skin cells of frog embryos.

  Kamakailan lamang, ang mga computer scientist at biologo ng Allen Discovery Center sa Tufts University ng Medford, Massachusetts ay natuklasan ang “first living robot” sa daigdig. Ang nag-iisang organismong ito ay mula sa buhay na selula at isang “controllable machine” na posibleng solusyon sa napakaraming pangkapaligiran at kalusugang suliranin. Naisagawa ang pag-aaral sa pamamagitan ng Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) computer program “evolutionary algorithm” na naglalayong humalata ng mga kapaki-pakinabang na gamit nito.

         "These are novel living machines," sabi ni Joshua Bongard, isang computer scientist at robotics expert ng University of Vermont (2020). Ginawan ng muling layunin ng mga siyentipiko ang selula ng African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) na kung saan hango ang pangalan nito, ang makina ay may sukat na mas mababa sa isang milimetro (0.04 pulgada). Ang xenobot ay nabubuhay sa loob ng isang lingo na umaasa lamang sa maliit na muntilupay ng selula nito.

         Ang mga bots ay may kakayahang magsarili - “skin cells” ay naibuklod upang makabuo ng istraktura, habang ang tumitibok na “heart cells” naman ang responsable sa paggalaw nito. "They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It's a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism." Ayon sa akdang the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). Bilang isang biyolohikal na makina, ito ay mas “eco-friendly” at mas ligtas gamitin sa tao, ayon sa akda.

        Dekalibreng potensyal ang maaring maipamalas ng imbensyong ito, kung saan ito ay maigagamit sa “radioactive waste clean-up” at “microplastic collection” (Levin, 2020). Maliban sa mga praktikal na pagpapaandar nito, makakatulong din ito sa pag-aaral ng biyolohiyang pangselula ng mga siyentipiko. Ang organismo ay nakakapagenerate rin ng sariling pinagmulan ng lipids at protein deposits nito.

         Ayon kay Kriegman et al. (2020) “It’s kind of fun when they feel alive.”. Sa taong 2035 inaasahang ang xenobots ay mai-install na sa particular na selula ng isang pasyente upang matanggal ang “damaged tissue o cancer cells” nito.  “It may all sound like something from a dystopian sci-fi movie but no it’s reality, It’s the advancement than makes a change.” (Yeung, 2020).

Sources: 


Bongard, J. (2020). TuftsNow; Scientists Create the Next Generation of Living Robots. University of Vermont, Burlington, USA. [Retrieved from https://now.tufts.edu/2021/03/31/scientists-create-next-generation-living-robots].

 

Kriegman, S., Griswu, L., and Ruiz, O. (2020). The New York Times: Meet the Xenobots, Virtual Creatures Brought to Life. [Retrieved fromhttps://www.nytimes
.com/2020/04/03/science/xenobots-robots-frogs-xenopus.html].

 

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). Will self-replicating ‘xenobots’ cure diseases, yield new bioweapons, or simply turn the whole world into grey goo? The Conversation, Academic Rigour, Journalistic Flair. [ Retrieved fromhttps://theconversation.com/will-self-replicating-xenobots-cure-diseases-yield-new-bioweapons-or-simply-turn-the-whole-world-into-grey-goo-173244].

Yeung, K. (2020).  Smartsonian, Smart News: Scientists Unveiled the World’s First Living Robots Last Year. Now, They Can Reproduce. [Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-unveiled-the-worlds-first-living-robots-last-year-now-they-can-now-reproduce-180979150/].

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